能使固液懸浮體中的固體粒子穩(wěn)定分散于介質(zhì)中的表面活性劑稱為分散劑。 分散劑就是把粉體合理地分散在溶劑中，通過一定的電荷排斥原理或高分子位阻效應(yīng)，使固體很穩(wěn)定地懸浮在溶劑（或分散液）中。

　　潤(rùn)濕劑是通過降低其表面能，能使固體物料更易被水浸濕的物質(zhì)的表面活性劑。通過降低其表面張力或界面張力，使水能展開在固體物料表面上，或透入其表面，而把固體物料潤(rùn)濕。潤(rùn)濕劑由親水基及親油基組成。當(dāng)與固體表面接觸時(shí)，親油基附著于固體表面，親水基向外伸向液體中，使液體在固體表面形成連續(xù)相，這就是潤(rùn)濕作用的基本原理。

A surfactant that can stably disperse solid particles in a solid-liquid suspension in a medium is called a dispersant. The dispersant is to disperse the powder reasonably in the solvent, and through a certain charge repulsion principle or the macromolecular steric hindrance effect, the solid is stably suspended in the solvent (or dispersion).Wetting agents are surfactants that make solid materials more easily wetted by water by reducing their surface energy.

By reducing its surface tension or interfacial tension, water can spread on the surface of the solid material, or penetrate into its surface, and wet the solid material. Wetting agents are composed of hydrophilic and lipophilic groups. When in contact with the solid surface, the lipophilic group is attached to the solid surface, and the hydrophilic group extends outward into the liquid, so that the liquid forms a continuous phase on the solid surface, which is the basic principle of wetting.